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- <text id=94TT0764>
- <title>
- Jun. 13, 1994: Essay:A New Civil Right
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Jun. 13, 1994 Korean Conflict
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ESSAY, Page 82
- A New Civil Right
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Jack E. White
- </p>
- <p> The 40th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education on May 17
- unleashed a torrent of earnest commentary on the nation's op-ed
- pages. Story after story deplored America's lack of racial progress
- since the U.S. Supreme Court struck down segregation with that
- landmark decision. Somehow all the hand-wringing analysis overlooked
- a small but telling example of how far some blacks have come
- during the past four decades: the case of Joseph Jett.
- </p>
- <p> Jett is a 36-year-old Harvard Business School graduate who has
- been accused of bilking the Wall Street firm of Kidder, Peabody
- by concocting untold millions in "phantom trades" during the
- two years he served as head of the company's government-bond
- trading desk. The allegedly fictitious transactions, which were
- discovered in April, bloated Kidder, Peabody's bottom line by
- $350 million and earned Jett $9 million. He was dismissed, and
- the company filed suit against him to get back the money. He
- has denied any wrongdoing and filed a countersuit against Kidder,
- Peabody.
- </p>
- <p> Why is this financial peccadillo an occasion for racial rejoicing?
- Because it shows that equal opportunity for blacks is alive
- and well. When Brown was decided, it would have been unthinkable
- for an African American to be accused of a financial crime of
- such magnitude for the simple reason that no African American
- was in a position to commit one. Back then, being a messenger
- or clerk was the best job a black could hope for on Wall Street.
- Beyond that, many whites thought blacks lacked the intellect
- to devise a scheme as sophisticated as the one Jett is accused
- of, much less implement it.
- </p>
- <p> How things have changed. If Kidder, Peabody's charges are to
- be believed, Wall Street and America have now progressed to
- the point that an African American is considered smart enough
- to run a bond-trading operation so arcane that many financiers,
- regardless of race, cannot fathom its complexities. And Jett
- was perceived as doing so well in the job that the firm's white
- leadership empowered him to trade for a two-year period with
- virtually no supervision. Leave aside whether Kidder, Peabody's
- charges against Jett are plausible. In a way his guilt or innocence
- is almost beside the point. What really matters is that a young
- black was able to rise to a position of enormous responsibility
- and earn millions in an industry that has discriminated against
- blacks for centuries, all because white executives thought he
- had talent. If a Wall Street firm's willingness to trust a black
- with that much money isn't a sign of racial progress, what is?
- </p>
- <p> Most African Americans, to be sure, will not see the Jett case
- in so positive a light, for obvious reasons. There are already
- fears among the relative handful of blacks on Wall Street that
- the case will inspire a backlash that will make it harder for
- them to keep advancing in the financial world--and it just
- might. On Wall Street and everywhere else in America, there
- is still a tendency for whites to hold all blacks responsible
- for the misdeeds of one, and blacks are still likely to feel
- defensive when some other black commits a crime. The death by
- drug overdose of Wardell R. Lazard, head of the most successful
- black Wall Street firm in history, will reinforce those proclivities.
- Yet it may be time to put aside such sensitivities and embark
- on a new phase of affirmative action that helps blacks move
- up the career ladder in crime as they have in other professions.
- Big-time financial crime is, after all, one of the last great
- bastions of racial inequality. Why should a small number of
- white financiers have a virtual monopoly on the only crime that
- really pays?
- </p>
- <p> Right now most black criminals are stuck in entry-level positions
- with little hope for advancement. The nation's prisons are brimming
- with young blacks convicted of crimes that bring puny financial
- rewards and huge penalties. A typical convenience-store stickup
- yields only $402, but armed robbers, once convicted, serve an
- average of 41 months pumping iron in a tough maximum-security
- prison. That translates to about 30 days in prison for every
- stolen dollar, which any M.B.A. knows is an unacceptable balance
- between profit and risk.
- </p>
- <p> On the other hand, Wall Street crooks--almost all white--have a lock on high-class felonies that pay off big with minimum
- risk. Some of them have managed to steal millions, hire expensive
- lawyers, make deals with the government to squeal on their co-conspirators,
- and get off with no more than a fine and community service.
- The few who actually go to jail serve their terms in relatively
- comfortable minimum-security prisons, get out early for good
- behavior and are often left with fortunes. Former junk-bond
- baron Michael Milken served only two years of a 10-year sentence
- for securities fraud, and, after shelling out more than $1 billion
- in fines and to settle civil lawsuits, is trying to make do
- with a piddling sum estimated at $300 million. He was even invited
- to lecture on ethics in business at UCLA.
- </p>
- <p> My fellow African Americans believe it would be better for ambitious
- young blacks, and everyone else, to direct their energies into
- legitimate enterprises, and most do. But one of the surest signs
- that an ethnic group is moving on up is that its members have
- developed the good business sense to abandon street crime for
- far more lucrative suite crime, which requires brains, training
- and access to important decisions from which blacks have long
- been excluded. Someday a black financier will have the power
- to commit a massive fraud that shakes stock markets around the
- world, get a slap on the wrist from the courts and walk away
- with millions. Blacks will have secured a new civil right: the
- equal opportunity to steal big-time, just like the white guys.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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